Scheme design first organizes the conditions that affect system selection into verifiable inputs and outputs, and states what this phase does not cover.
Where it applies
PV mounting system selection and overall layout
Seismic support route confirmation
Utility-tunnel support scheme comparison
Inputs
Project region, site type and surroundings
Wind/snow, corrosion and temperature conditions
Module/pipe/equipment parameters, size and weight
Foundation type, host interfaces and construction limits
Outputs and boundaries
System route and overall layout advice
Key parameters and interface conditions
Scheme comparison under a shared premise
Boundary: this phase does not replace structural calculation, detail drawings, BIM coordination or BOM output.
Example
Example: project conditions feed a scheme boundary model used to organize inputs, not to compute results.
From conditions to a system route
A shared logic identifies load objects and boundaries first, then determines system form and structural path. One focus scene is shown at a time.
Confirm project type
Distinguish PV, seismic or utility-tunnel load objects.
Collect environment and loads
Summarize wind/snow, corrosion, temperature and operating context.
Check space and interfaces
Confirm installation space and foundation or host interfaces.
Select system form
Form a fixed, tracking, hanger or other structural path.
State the structural path
Continue to composition, layout and like-for-like comparison.
Focus scene · example
Example: site, wind/snow, module layout and foundations affect the structural path.
In PV scenes, site and foundation interfaces usually decide fixed, tracking or other layout routes first.
Scene · example
Example: pipe loads, installation space and host interfaces affect support form.
Seismic MEP scenes emphasize clash checks and host interfaces; this page does not provide calculation values.
Scene · example
Example: pipe combinations, spans and maintenance space constrain integrated supports.
Tunnel scenes treat coordinated layout and access as boundaries; detailed coordination follows in later services.
Read composition and overall layout together
Keep system composition and project-scale layout in one module: what the system contains, then how it is arranged.
Example
Example: relationships among main beams, columns, braces, foundations and connections.
Primary members, bracing and interfaces
Define the key assemblies and how they transfer load and connect.
Main beam: longitudinal load path and continuity
Column: path from upper structure to foundation
Brace: lateral stability and installability
Foundation and connection: host interface and tolerances
This view explains composition only; strength and connection checks belong to structural calculation.
Example
Example: project-scale layout and foundation grid relationships.
From a unit to project layout
Set arrays, zones, spacing, elevations and foundation grids as geometric boundaries for later work.
Span, support spacing and installation height
Tilt or system posture (project-defined)
Foundation grid and zone boundaries
Geometric scope needed for detailing
Layout parameters are project-defined; this page does not invent engineering values.
Compare schemes under the same premise
The table shows qualitative differences under one shared boundary. Headers are not interactive calculations; any stated preference applies only to the premise below.
Example premise：Mountain fixed-tilt PV project (methodology illustration, not a universal engineering conclusion).
Swipe horizontally to view the full comparison table.
Dimension
Scheme A Continuous long-span path
Scheme B Fixed single-column path
Scheme C High-adaptability path
Structural fit
Good
Excellent
Excellent
Foundation complexity
Medium
Lower
Higher
Material efficiency
Good
Excellent
Good
Construction organization
More complex
Highly standardized
Medium
Standardization
High
High
Medium
Later detailing difficulty
Medium
Lower
Higher
Note under the example premise: Scheme B
Under the example boundaries above, Scheme B is more balanced across structural fit, foundation complexity, construction organization and standardization. The final scheme still depends on real project inputs and structural calculation.
This note applies only to the stated example premise and is not an auto-calculated recommendation.
What the scheme phase delivers
Scheme outputs should support the next phase without taking over calculation, detailing, BIM or BOM responsibilities.
Phase output
Overall scheme drawing
Project layout and system boundaries.
Phase output
System definition
Structural path, member system and interfaces.
Phase output
Key parameters
Layout, elevation, spacing and ranges.
Phase output
Foundation / host interfaces
Clarify foundation and host-structure boundaries.
Phase output
Later design basis
Inputs for calculation, detailing and technical output.
Explanatory
Comparison note
Records comparison basis and example conclusion limits.
